CONVERSATION ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS ENTITLED BRIGHT AN ENGLISH AND WHEN ENGLISH RINGS A BELL: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Rahmawati, Zakya Nur. 2021. Conversation Analysis in English Textbooks Entitled
Bright An English and When English Rings A Bell: A Comparative Study. Final
Project, English Study Program, Faculty of Language and Arts Education,
University of PGRI Semarang. Advisor I: Siti Musarokah, S.Pd., M.Hum., Advisor
II: Dr. Sukma Nur Ardini, S.S., M.Pd.
Keywords: conversation analysis, English textbook, turn-taking, adjacency pairs,
repair
Conversation is a substantial component in human interaction that can be
seen and heard. Spoken conversation usually appears during face-to-face
interaction between people. Meanwhile, written conversation can be found in
literary works including short stories, books, novels, etc. This study analyzed the
written conversation within two English textbooks entitled Bright An English and
When English Rings A Bell under conversation analysis theory proposed by Sacks,
Schegloff, and Jefferson (1978). The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the
types of turn-taking appear in conversation within English textbooks, (2) to find out
the types of turn-taking appear in conversation within English textbooks entitled,
(3) to find out the types of repair used in conversation within English textbooks, (4)
to find out the differences between English textbooks under conversation analysis
aspects. The research design for this study was descriptive qualitative. For the data
collection process, the researcher used analyzing documents and material culture
on both textbooks. Furthermore, the researcher conducted four steps for analyzing
the data including the following classifying, describing, comparing, reporting, and
discussing. The findings of this study revealed that two turn-taking types namely
Current Speaker Selects Next and Self-Selection appeared in the first textbook, and
three types of turn-taking namely Current Speaker Selects Next, Self-Selection, and
Current Speaker Continues were found in the second textbook. There were five
types of adjacency pairs including Complaint-Denial/Apology, Request-
Denial/Grant, Farewell-Farewell, Greeting-Greeting, and Question-Answer in the
first textbook, and seven types of adjacency pairs including Complaint-
Denial/Apology,
Compliment-Rejection/Admission,
Request-Denial/Grant,
Farewell-Farewell,
Greeting-Greeting,
Invitation-Acceptance/Decline,
and
Question-Answer in the second textbook. Zero amount of repair types was found in
the first textbook, while three types of repair were found in the second textbook
such as Other-Initiated Self-Repair, Self-Initiated Other-Repair, and Other-Initiated
Other-Repair. In addition, the differences of turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and repair
in both textbooks including the total of conversation aspects and the type of
conversation aspects used. Meanwhile, the similarities between both textbooks
were the most and least frequent conversation aspects found in the written
conversation. The researcher suggested broadening the data option to be analyzed
under the study of conversation analysis for the enrichment of the related study.
Thus, the study findings lead into a conclusion that the second textbook entitled
iv
When English Rings A Bell is preferred than Bright An English. The reason
underlying the conclusion is the second textbook contains more conversation
aspects compared to the first textbook. The greater number of conversation aspects
is expected to be more understandable and appropriate with spoken conversation.